Who Is The Guest Speaker - 1214 Words

1. Michael Lopez, the guest speaker who presented first, started engaging in crime when his local street football team became a gang. His friends started out as a street football team, that played against the other streets, but as they got older they started committing crimes and fighting with other gangs. He said he did it because he enjoyed the rush of it all, and being in these high thrill moments with his friends (fellow gangsters). It was interesting when he said, at one point he wanted to be a part of the police explorer program, but his dad would not sign his permission slip, and threw it away instead. His father reacted in this way because his parents both sold and abused drugs. Of course they did not want their son working with the police or law enforcement, especially since their home had been raided by the police multiple times. So instead of going on a positive path in life, his families negative influenced led him to a life of gangbanging, drugs, and crime. Social Disor ganization theory, by the Shaw and McKay, best explains the experiences of Michael Lopez. First off, Michael Lopez grew up in Huntingtin Park, CA, which many would consider part of the South Central area of Los Angeles. This area is notoriously crime ridden, and Michael Lopez was most likely influenced by the gang culture that he was surrounded by. According to Social Disorganization theory, these areas, such as Huntingtin Park, are called transitional zones. Usually these areas areShow MoreRelatedRelationship Between Rime Of The Ancient Mariner1240 Words   |  5 PagesThe otherness can refer to many things, mystical extraordinary places and situations, strange people or objects that take on new meanings. Often the speaker of the poem is faced with something they can’t fully comprehend. If the encounter is between the speaker and an object that can’t reply or a place, the speaker learns something new about themselves and their relationship to the object or place. If the encounter is between two people, there’s a trend of the two not having the same level of understandingRead MoreGuest Room Reflection Paper874 Words   |  4 PagesWhen the guest speakers visited our classroom from NMPRC I was surprised, I use the word surprised only because I didn’t know the guest speakers were going to have mental illnesses themselves. I thought we would be talking to people who work with mental illness patients, like the staff from NMPRC and they would elaborate on what it is like to be in the line of work like that. I thought they would discuss stories they had about their patients. When I found out the guests were the mentally ill patientsRead MoreLangston Hughes Poetry: Analyzing Themes of Racism956 Words   |  4 Pagesseems to be a very strong theme of racism. Poems such as Ballad of the Landlord, I, Too, and Dinner Guest: Me are some good examples of that theme. The Ballad of the Landlord addresses the issue of prejudice in the sense of race as well as class. The lines My roof has sprung a leak. / Dont you member I told you about it/ Way last week? (Hughes 2/4) show the reader that the speaker, the tenant, is of a much lower class than his landlord. It also shows that the landlord could care lessRead More Two Women in Proverbs 9 Essay1370 Words   |  6 Pagesto illustrate the two corresponding paths of life: wisdom and folly. Although there are many striking similarities of both women in Proverbs 9, the subtle differences between the two didactically imparts life lessons to young men. The speaker begins the passage of Proverbs 9, by informing that the first similarity that Lady Wisdom and Lady Folly share is the possession of a house. The only apparent difference is that Lady Wisdom has built her own house: â€Å"Wisdom has built her house; sheRead MoreEssay Langston Hughes932 Words   |  4 Pagesseems to be a very strong theme of racism. Poems such as Ballad of the Landlord, I, Too, and Dinner Guest: Me are some good examples of that theme. The Ballad of the Landlord addresses the issue of prejudice in the sense of race as well as class. The lines My roof has sprung a leak. / Dont you member I told you about it/ Way last week? (Hughes 2/4) show the reader that the speaker, the tenant, is of a much lower class than his landlord. It also shows that the landlord could care lessRead MoreThe City Hall Building Stand Out1290 Words   |  6 Pageswelcoming remarks from the Speaker and a roll call from the Clerk. There were eleven members of the council present during the meeting. After the roll call, the next item on the agenda was an approval of minutes by Mr. Englander and a seconding from Mr. Harris-Dawson. Mr. Huizar moved the commentary resolutions and Mr. Koretz seconded him. Next, it was time for raising the flag, and all the council meeting members rose to pledge allegiance to the flag. Afterward the speaker asked the Clerk to go throughRead MoreEvaluation Of A Randomized Survey On The Groups That Attend My Meetings17 12 Words   |  7 Pagesindividuals are getting valid information on the issue. The success of this plan will be based on the availability of information and the ability to encourage and prove to individuals how dangerous this really is. Goal: Assist and encourage people who abuse alcohol in the Pittsylvania County Region to refrain from driving after drinking. Objectives 1) 100% of participants will observe a presentation on how drinking and driving affects not only them but the people around them and how it impairs theirRead MoreMilitary Boll History1080 Words   |  5 Pagesfor a while. It is a requirement each year done on the military’s birthday to show respect and have a celebration. It consists of basically 6 rules: Protocol information, Receiving line, posting of the colors, Pow/MIA ceremony, Toasts, Dinner, Guest Speaker and the dance. Depending on the Military force depends on the date. National Guard:   December 16, 1636, U.S. Army:   June 14, 1775, U.S. Navy:   October 13, 1775 (Abolished Feb 1781 - Reinstated 7 Sep 1781), U.S. Marine Corps:   November 10, 1775Read MoreDifferent Theories Of Communication, Leadership, And Interpersonal Relations Within The Context Of A Toastmasters Essay1304 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Toastmasters is a group that seeks to promote communication skills and strategies among those who are interested in developing them, and to build leaders. For this purpose, Toastmasters helps people improve their abilities to communicate by presenting various types of public speeches. It is useful for all type of professionals to gain self-confidence and personal growth. 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How The Yellow-Wallpaper and The Awakening Influenced...

Throughout the 20th century, women began to rebel against the social norms it started out slowly and was met with much objection. A couple of people belittled the way women were acting, and some even proposed it was a disease. There were many that did not want to believe that their wives were changing and they denied frequently what was happening. Soon enough, writers began to drop subtle hints here and there in their novels about the changes in women and America, [9:39:29 PM] Ariel : at that time, was beyond furious with the recognition that women received in the novels. American conservatives went out of their way to ban all novels that disrupt the traditional view of how women should act. Unfortunately for the conservatives, women†¦show more content†¦Jane deliberately disobeyed her husband and sought out her wants. Disregarding what others had to say about her strange behavior; Jane proceeded to do what she wanted; to write. Nevertheless, Jane was slightly still submiss ive towards her husband due to the fact that she hid her journals to prevent displeasing John. Her tiny action that went against John’s morals that was bestowed upon her was the mark of Jane’s awakening. Jane’s awakening had caused a ripple effect on other women; they all began to draw out their inner beings. The conservatives in America could do nothing, but to sit back and watch the changes unfold right in front of them. There was no way out of this change; sooner or later those that degraded the rebellious females would realize that women can and will be much more than those wimpy little wives they were always told to be. Edna, from â€Å"The Awakening,† was far more outgoing compared to Jane; even from the very start, Edna paid no mind to her husband, Mr. Pontellier. Edna dared to have an affair (though it wasn’t as successful as she wanted it to be), and had forgotten her very own children an ample of times. Edna waved off Mr. Pontellier’s requests countless times and continued to do what she believed was right. American views in the 20th century saw that the characteristics that Edna possesses are ones that a lady should not be proud of for she would be representing a man and not a lady. Edna was courageous in every way possible; she decided toShow MoreRelatedManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesSTUDY II-5 The CliptomaniaTM Web Store 308 ̈ CASE STUDY II-6 Rock Island Chocolate Company, Inc.: Building a Social Networking Strategy 321 PART III Acquiring Information Systems 327 Chapter 8 Basic Systems Concepts and Tools The Systems View What Is a System? 329 329 330 Seven Key System Elements Organizations as Systems 330 334 Systems Analysis and Design 335 Business Processes 336 Identifying Business Processes 336 Business Process Redesign 336

B321 Tma 02 Free Essays

Question 1 (a) Simons (1999, pg 768) describes intrinsic motivation as â€Å"desire to engage in behaviours or actions in anticipation of internally- generated rewards such as personal feelings of accomplishment† and extrinsic motivation Simons describes as (1999, pg 766) â€Å"desire to engage in behaviours or actions in anticipation of tangible rewards, such as money or promotion†. Extrinsic motivation is created by financial incentives. An incentive as Simons (1999, 767) describes as being â€Å"a reward or payment that is used to motivate performance. We will write a custom essay sample on B321 Tma 02 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The two types of motivation mentioned above can be used to design a rewards package for the product centre managers. First I will discuss intrinsic motivation; this type of motivation is â€Å"from within† (as Simon states (1999, pg 245)) rather than external. Managers can improve intrinsic motivation, Simon’s (1999, pg 245) states â€Å"they can make people proud of where they work† and also â€Å"they can involve subordinates in the goal setting process to increase the likelihood that subordinates will see the goals as legitimate. If subordinates are included in the process of setting goals-asked to provide input and information –they are more likely to feel that the goals are legitimate and work more diligently to achieve them†. The motivation is aligned to Air Tex Aviation’s performance goals, which are, the granting of credit but managers have performance goals set by Ted, monthly charges against their departmental profits, managers are more likely to stick to the rules set by Ted because they are in control of credit. Also, the purchasing of capital equipment and operating supplies but having predetermined limits this gives the managers a sense of control and able to make decisions without having to ask permission whenever a purchase was to be made. Moreover product managers are allowed to set policies such as pricing for products or services. They also have the power to hire, fire and administer the salary. Product centre managers can rewarded because they have the responsibility to do the above and are free to make choices within set boundaries. Other rewards can be meaningfulness managers may feel they are doing something important. Also another reward is having the competence, managers can feel satisfied. Lastly, another reward is having the sense of progress, product centre managers will feel they have gained something. I will now discuss the extrinsic incentives, Simons (1999 pg 245-246) states â€Å"financial performance awards-typically in the form of bonuses-can be linked explicitly to the achievement of goals and targets. Since incentives are to motivate performance Ted has allocated 10% bonus to managers. (b) Simon’s four levers of control can be used in the implementation of strategy for Air Tex Aviation. Simon’s states â€Å"Strategic control is not achieved through new and unique performance measurement and control system, but through belief systems, boundary systems, diagnostic control systems and interactive control systems working together to control both the implementation of intended strategies and the formation of emergent strategies†. Simon’s (1999, pg 763) describes belief systems as â€Å"explicit set of organisational definitions that senior managers communicate formally and reinforce systematically to provide basic values, purpose, and direction for the organisation†. Figure 14-2 Levers of control (Simon’s pg, 305) shows belief systems as â€Å"strategy as Perspective† and â€Å"Obtaining Commitment to the Grand Purpose, this in the context of Airtex Aviation are firstly Ted and Frank have taken control of the business, Ted is President and chief operating officer and Frank is chairmanship. They also have a vision to grow at a rate of 20% per year for the first five years. To implement strategy Ted and Frank decentralised authority and made each operating activity a profit centre and grouped them by departments. Departments were given authority over his operations. This creates shared beliefs and missions within the business. Employees will be more motivated because of the more control they have and they will have the sense of belonging to the business. Simon’s (1999, pg 764) describes boundary systems as â€Å"explicit statements embedded in formal information systems that define and communicate specific risks to be avoided†. Boundary Systems in the situation of Air Tex Aviation are, Simon’s (1999, pg 297) described as â€Å"rules, limits and proscriptions†. Rules in Airtex Aviation are decentralising the business, installing a control system. Limits introduced are profit centre’s having the authority to buy operating supplies and capital equipment with purchase order limits. A reason for limits is described by Simon’s (1999, pg 297) as â€Å"to allow individual creativity within defined limits of freedom†. Proscriptions include removing Sarah Arthur and her accounting system as it was not working and introduce a control system that support’s the management and provides information needed in order to make decisions. The accounting system before gave employees a lack of motivation because they were not involved in the decision making process. Also Simon’s (1999, pg 279) states â€Å"communicate standards of business conduct for all employees†, that’s what the new control system does, involves all employees. My recommendations to AirTex Aviation would be use all four levers of control together as one can’t work without the others. Also I would recommend the company when financially able to perhaps train managers, as most employees have only studied up to high school. Another recommendation would be for the department managers to set out goals for their own departments, use a balance scorecard or something similar. Moreover, I would also recommend the business owners to draw up perhaps a mission statement or a statement of purpose and distribute it to each manager, so they know the objective and purpose of the business. Overall, the owners have turned the business around and should carry on as they have done so. Question 2 (a) In the article by Jones, T. C. and Dugdale, D. (1994), most of the interviewees agreed, net present value is superior to payback. I will summarise the views of the five interviewees below. Adam a lecturer was one those that thought that NPV is better than PB. Adam does however think that payback, in Jones, T. C. and Dugdale, D. (1994) â€Å"works fine for simple, straightforward projects†, but does say how useless it is and NPV gives the right answer and considers time value for money. He also thinks that NPV has no disadvantage whatsoever. He also goes on to say that calculating NPV is easy because of the use of computers. His academic group also agree with him that NPV is superior. Frank chief accountant was one of those interviewed who was against NPV and suspicious of it, describing it as â€Å"dangerous† Jones, T. C. and Dugdale, D. (1994). He has been using PB for many years and says it is simple to use and NPV is complicated, time consuming and â€Å"conveys spurious accuracy† Jones, T. C. and Dugdale, D. (1994). He also says that NPV is hard for managers to understand they prefer PB. Simon a senior finance manager thought no appraisal method has â€Å"importance† but believes â€Å"NPV only relevant with high interest rates long time periods†, Jones, T. C. and Dugdale, D. (1994). He believes that information given to managers should be what they want and accountants should help in making investment decisions not decide which appraisal method to use. Judy a junior finance manager prefers to use NPV rather than PB because it considers time value for money which is important in her view. She also says â€Å"NPV gives ability to alter assumptions identify different outcomes† Jones, T. C. and Dugdale, D. (1994). She has very strong views for NPV and thinks managers should use this technique only. Managers have studied MBA’s so thinks it will be easy for them to understand. But â€Å"She fears that she may be ‘a victim of my training’ which might have been academic ‘brainwashing’†, Jones, T. C. and Dugdale, D. (1994). Len a finance officer also says net present value is superior to payback. He doesn’t agree with Adam’s suggestion that â€Å"PB figures might be adjusted to reflect more clearly the results of NPV analysis† Jones, T. C. and Dugdale, D, because of ethical rules. (1994). He too like Adam finds calculating NBV easy because of the use of computers. The interviewee’s which I mostly agree with are Len, Judy and Adam this is because, they believe that NPV is superior to PB. Also NPV considers time value of money and is easy to calculate because of the use of computers. I also agree with Judy that managers should be taught NPV because PB is simple and as Adam said NPV should be used for minor projects. (b) Pure reasoning in my view would be coming up with answers which would be the norm and what most people would agree to. An example in B321 case studies would have to be that of Classic Pen Company: Developing an ABC Model. Jane Dempsey came up with information by using methods such as activity based costing used by accountants. Overall, I think pure reasoning would have the most influence on someone’s decision making process this is because most people adhere to the norm they don’t want to be seen as deviant. Also most people would be scared to do otherwise just in case the decision doesn’t turn out to be as expected, which may get them into a lot of trouble. (c) My views have changed since reading the article because, before I thought that calculating net present value for investment appraisal was complex and very complicated but both Adam and Len find it easy because of the use of computers. Also before reading the article I thought payback was completely useless and unreliable for investment appraisal but as Adam points out it is fine to use on simple projects. Also another benefit for NPV is that it â€Å"gives ability to alter assumptions identify different outcomes†, Jones, T. C. and Dugdale, D. (1994) as Judy points out. Both appraisal methods have their benefits, net present value has more benefits overall. Question 3 (a) Total machine hours: 880,000 ? 44,000 = 20 Game Pies: 20 ? 4,000 = 80,000 ? 2000 = ? 40 per batch Pork Pies: 20 ? 40,000 = 800,000 ? 20,000 = ? 40 per batch (b) Set up related: 420,000 ? 200 = 2,100 Pork Pies: 2,100 ? 120 = 252,000 ? 20,000 = ? 12. 60 Game Pies: 2,100 ? 80 = 168,000 ? 2,000 = ? 84 Purchasing related: 240,000 ? 480 = 500 Pork Pies: 500 ? 320 = 160,000 ? 20,000 = ? 8 Game Pies: 500? 160 = 80,000 ? 2,000 = ? 40 Volume related: 44,000 + 88,000 = 132,000 220,000 ? 32,000 = 1. 67 Pork Pies: 1. 67 ? 120,000 = ? 200,400 ? 20,000 = ? 10. 02 Game Pies: 1. 67 ? 12,000 = ? 20,040 ? 2000 = ? 10. 02 Cost centre costs for pork pies per batch: ? 12. 60 + ? 8 + ? 10. 02 = ? 30. 62 Cost centre costs for game pies per batch: ? 84 + ? 40 + ? 10. 02 = ? 134. 02 (c) The difference with activity based costing and traditional costing is, firstly traditional costing only assigns overhead c ost: machine hours or direct labour hours to products. Whereas activity based costing uses activities â€Å"for accumulating costs† as described by Atkinson (2004, pg 127). How to cite B321 Tma 02, Papers

Creative writting exercise Essay Example For Students

Creative writting exercise Essay The tall trees, sway majestically in the sharp, Autumn breeze. They rustle as their final leaves are stolen from their limbs, leaving them naked and vulnerable to the cold, dark, night. Squirrels motor along the smallest of branches, shaking the last hardy leaves down to their final resting place on the forest floor. Rabbits dart across the clearing, playing chicken with the foxes, camouflaged by the night, anticipating their attack. The foxes sneak, silently towards the point where they have the best chance of catching the dinner which they have so long awaited. The rabbits ears twitch and he runs frantically into the bushes, an eerie silence sweeps over the whole forest leaving everything calm, not even the leaves chattered amongst themselves. The squirrels disappear into safe dens in the tall tree tops without making a sound. The silence is broken when a man appears out of the darkness, running across the clearing, panting heavily as his large footsteps pound the earth beneath. He is a tall, spindly man with scrawny legs that seem to make him glide across the landscape with great ease. The prominent scar on his right cheek appears as he glances behind him to see if his pursuer is anywhere to be seen. He then continues his task, running. As he finishes his journey across the clearing he starts to dodge between the pillar like trees and hurdles the squat bushes. He reaches a wide river near the edge of the wood, it is wide and fast flowing but he has to get over if he wants to have any chance of escape. He can hear the savage dog of his hunter nearing him as he take s a few steps back. Poised, ready to run, he psyches himself up. Calmly staring at the feat ahead. His tracker suddenly appears behind him and shouts violently at him. Startled the man starts to run towards the river, building up speed. His scrawny legs tired from the long trek though the forest are now aching with a great pain as he nears the edge of the river. He bends his knees slightly preparing for take off, swings his arms back and then lunges his narrow body towards the other side. As his momentum starts to fade, he makes a final grasp at the shoot of a tree sticking out of the bank at the other side, but his long slender fingers fail to make contact with the tree and he starts sliding down into the dark menacing water beneath. He is swept into the penetrating flow of the river. Panic stricken, he desperatey attempts to snatch at some anchor on the river bank to help him to safety. After a few misguided shots, he finally reaches a stone wedged into the bank and manages to heave his drenched, tired body on to the river side. He lay there not caring about where his pursuer was, just trying to catch his breath and keep warm. He heard the haunting noise of the dog and his master coming up the bank that he was on. They must have found a bridge over the river a little further along. He jumped to his feet and began running again. He came to a tall fence which must have been the boundary of the forest as he could hear cars on the other side. He started to scale the huge fence and once at the top, threw himself carelessly onto the other side. He found himself on the side of a busy road. He could hear the sound of the dog and master clambering up the fence, still in hot pursuit of him and cars on the other side of him. He was trapped between a rock and a hard place. Not knowing what to do he stupidly ran into the speeding traffic. A massive lorry sounded its horn as it came hurtling towards him. He froze, terrified and panic-stricken, he just stood there like a rabbit dazzled in the headlights.

20 Opinion Essay Topics How to Write about the History of Architecture in an Interesting Way

20 Opinion Essay Topics How to Write about the History of Architecture in an Interesting Way It is a known fact that the content of an essay is determined by the subject matter to be discussed but its structure relies heavily on the topic you choose. Therefore, when writing an opinion essay, the first step to shaping your opinion and that of the reader starts with selecting a topic that wakes up the urge to learn in the reader. Writing on the history of architecture is a task that can be simplified if a topic that truly interests the reader is chosen. This article will attempt to provide you with some topics on the history of architecture which will serve as a portal into learning more about ancient cultures and their influences on the architecture of their time. Dissecting the Role of Ancient Cultures in Driving Architectural Growth Architecture in the Neolithic Era and the Birth of Modern Architectural Designs Neolithic Architecture and its Role in Human Creative Growth Spotting Religious Influences in Ancient Architectural Design Understanding the Importance of Religion in Ancient Architecture and Creative Design The Effects of Roman Architectural Innovations to Urban Planning Outlining the Architectural Innovative Feats of the Roman Era Discussing Islamic Architecture and the Cultures that Influenced it The Unchanging Face of Chinese Architecture through the Years Chinese Architecture and its far-reaching Influence Over Asia The Incan Architecture and the History of Suspension Bridges European Medieval Architecture and its Religious Influences The Need for Defense and Offense in Ancient Societies and Medieval Architecture Gothic Architecture and the Rise of the Christian Religion in Europe The Rise of Renaissance Architecture and the Structures it Inspired The Spread of Italian Renaissance Architecture and its Impact in 16th Century Europe The Impact of Aksumite Architecture across The Sahel Region The Spread of Gothic Architecture and the Role of French Architects A Study of African Architecture and its External Influences The Incan Architectural Feats and its Impact on Asian South American structures Above are the topics on the history of architecture which you can use to develop your opinion essay on ancient cultures and the architectural revolutions they birthed. You can choose any of the listed topics as yours or seek some inspiration from them. Also, we intend to provide a sample essay using a topic listed above as the inspiration behind it. So please stay tuned to learn more about writing a  great  essay. Lastly, facts from the complimentary article which provides 10 facts for an opinion essay on the history of architecture will be used in developing the sample essay in the coming paragraphs. Sample Essay: Dissecting the role of Ancient Architecture Cultures in Driving Architectural Growth The history or architecture through the ages has been replete with the cultural beliefs of the people who created the structures that defined bygone eras. In my essay, I intend to explore the role of culture as a determining factor in advancing the field of architecture as we know it. To effectively discuss culture and ancient architectural growth, I believe it is important to first understand the meaning of culture and what makes up the cultural fabric of a society. Culture is defined as the ideas, customs, religious beliefs and social behavioral patterns of a society. As man evolved from being a solitary creature to living in communities, cultural values slowly became established and were represented by art works on cave walls. With time, circa 10,000 BC, the Stone Age witnessed the first time man created architectural structures to serve as housing for the family unit. As with the art forms that defined the Stone Age, 10,000 BC architecture was also inspired by the culture of its people. Therefore, architecture in the Neolithic era consisted of stone works arranged in circular form to accommodate both prehistoric man and the domesticated animals they kept for feeding. Here, the farming and gathering culture prevalent in the Neolithic age led to partitioning the home into rooms and sections for the keeping of both plant and animal life. The need for constant trips to water grounds and to gather food also played a role in advancing the creation of road paths for easy movement. The cultural influence on architecture also continued after the prehistoric era as can be seen in the architectural forms known as Mesopotamia architecture. In ancient Egypt, the belief in multiple gods and their direct influence on every sphere of human life led to the need to create elaborate homes for these gods on earth. Therefore religion played a huge role in architectural innovation as large monuments such as the Sphinx statues- tributes to the god Ra- were ingeniously built with the use of stone, mortar as well as advanced pulley systems which were marvels at that time. European architecture is not also bereft of cultural influences. In ancient Rome, large temples were also built to accommodate the many gods that influenced the roman society. But the architects in ancient Rome took innovation a step further by building civic structures such as the amphitheatre, triumphant arch, baths and gladiatorial grounds to cater for the entertainment, learning and relaxation needs of humans. While in medieval Europe, a culture of warring, annexation and external aggression led to the building of architectural marvels dedicated to the art of defending and attacking the enemy. With the advent of Christianity and the Christian way of life, the architectural landscape of Europe changed to accommodate the building of large cathedrals using ancient roman patterns as well as the Italian renaissance techniques which integrated perspective in architectural pieces to inspire the people. Islamic architecture also took inspiration from the architecture of ancient Iran as can be seen from the recurrent use of large domes and spires in the building of mosques. Finally, African architecture in the colonial era is a great indication of the effects of culture in architecture. This is because it integrated African, European, Christian, Arabic and Islamic cultures in the architectural masterpieces that can be seen across the continent. References: Fletcher, B. (1961). A History of architecture on the Comparative Method. 1st ed. New York: Scribner. Harland, J. and Bell, W. (2003). The Architecture of Ancient Greece: An Account of Its Historic Development. The Classical Weekly, 46(16), p.242. Sales Carbonell, J. (2014). Roman Spectacles Buildings as a Setting for   Martyrdom and its Consequences in Christian Architecture . Journal of Ancient Architecture and Archaeology. Buiskikh, A. (2007). On the Question of the Stylistic Influences reflected in the Architecture and Art of Chersonesos: Snake-legged Goddess or Rankenfrau. Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia, 13(3), pp.157-181. Shilliam, R. (2015). Colonial Architecture or Relatable Hinterlands? Locke, Nandy, Fanon, and the Bandung Spirit. Constellations, 23(3), pp.425-435. Williams, K. (2014). Architecture, Astronomy and Sacred Landscape in Ancient Egypt by Giulio Magli. Nexus Network Journal, 16(3), pp.825-828. Amirkhani, A., Okhovat, H. and Zamani, E. (2010). Ancient Pigeon Houses: Remarkable Example of the Asian culture crystallized in the architecture of Iran and central Anatolia. Asian Culture and History, 2(2).

Free Essays on Blink 182 Speech

Sci: Blink 182 is a punk band with very expolsive history. Introduction: I'm sure you all have heard that song "Whats My Age Again" by Blink 182. But there is more to Blink 182 than most people know. You may think, "How is this possible? They're on MTV and played on the radio." Well, they have 6 CDs, over 10 music videos and more music that you can imagine. I'd bet you will find that this band has made good music from the beginning, even before they where famous. I. The Band A.Mark Hoppus 1.Mark Huppos is the bass guitar player and vocals for Blink 182. 2. Mark was born on March 15, 1972 in California 3. When Mark was 15, he recevied his first bass guitar and amp from his dad for helping paint his house. 4.He met 14 year old Tom Delong in 1991. 5. Mark started college to become an english teacher but once the band was making enough money to support him he dropped out and became a full time musician. B.Tom Delong 1. Tom Delong is the guitar player and other vocalist for Blink 182 2. Tom was born December 17, 1975 in San Diego, California 3. He started playing guitar at a very young age. C. Scott Rayner 1. Scott Rayner was the original drummer for Blink 182 2. In 1997 Scott left the band under pressure from his family to gain his high school diploma. D. Travis Barker 1.Travis Barker was born on November 14, 1975 2. He started playing drums before he can even remember 3. Travis was in a band called the Aquabats previous to being in Blink 182. 4. Travis Barker joined the band in 1997 after Scott Rayner quit. II. The Band History A. Blink started in 1992 when Mark Hoppus, Tom Delong, and Scott Rayner came togather to form "Blink" B. At the first the band was just called "Blink" and was an ordinary high school band. C. Originally Blink played local shows in the San Deigo Punk scene. D. Blink was known for their power packed shows and livley performances. E. In 1994 with t... Free Essays on Blink 182 Speech Free Essays on Blink 182 Speech Sci: Blink 182 is a punk band with very expolsive history. Introduction: I'm sure you all have heard that song "Whats My Age Again" by Blink 182. But there is more to Blink 182 than most people know. You may think, "How is this possible? They're on MTV and played on the radio." Well, they have 6 CDs, over 10 music videos and more music that you can imagine. I'd bet you will find that this band has made good music from the beginning, even before they where famous. I. The Band A.Mark Hoppus 1.Mark Huppos is the bass guitar player and vocals for Blink 182. 2. Mark was born on March 15, 1972 in California 3. When Mark was 15, he recevied his first bass guitar and amp from his dad for helping paint his house. 4.He met 14 year old Tom Delong in 1991. 5. Mark started college to become an english teacher but once the band was making enough money to support him he dropped out and became a full time musician. B.Tom Delong 1. Tom Delong is the guitar player and other vocalist for Blink 182 2. Tom was born December 17, 1975 in San Diego, California 3. He started playing guitar at a very young age. C. Scott Rayner 1. Scott Rayner was the original drummer for Blink 182 2. In 1997 Scott left the band under pressure from his family to gain his high school diploma. D. Travis Barker 1.Travis Barker was born on November 14, 1975 2. He started playing drums before he can even remember 3. Travis was in a band called the Aquabats previous to being in Blink 182. 4. Travis Barker joined the band in 1997 after Scott Rayner quit. II. The Band History A. Blink started in 1992 when Mark Hoppus, Tom Delong, and Scott Rayner came togather to form "Blink" B. At the first the band was just called "Blink" and was an ordinary high school band. C. Originally Blink played local shows in the San Deigo Punk scene. D. Blink was known for their power packed shows and livley performances. E. In 1994 with t...

Safety Net In Storytelling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Safety Net In Storytelling - Essay Example With my enthusiasm to please my audience, I always want to convey the story as exciting and thrilling as I want yet I struggle with the fact that my delivery gets boring at some point. I am always disappointed with the sight of my listeners drowsy and uninterested. With all these fears and weaknesses, I find the article about safety net very helpful. It reminds me that most of my worries are also faced by almost all people and that there are certain ways to overcome them. My dilemma of mental block and forgetfulness when it comes to delivering a story is addressed by the article. I intend to put what I have learned in practice by avoiding my tendency of announcing that I actually forgot what happens next. When faced with forgetfulness, I have had developed the habit of apologizing about my forgetfulness. I have to still show confidence in myself, showing the audience that I am still in control in spite of the embarrassing situation through the other various techniques described. The struggle of keeping the storyline exciting at all times can be remedied by not promising to tell the story to the audience but announcing that I will be telling a story. I also think that allowing the audience to participate in boring scenes by asking their ideas will get the boredom out of them and at least keep them awake. Also, I believe that having a personal interest in what I am talking about will not only enable me to remember everything but will also make every single scene and part exciting.

Administrative corruption Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Administrative corruption - Research Paper Example Lastly, the paper will explore the consequences of corruption and ways to deal with these consequences. Nevertheless, this essay focuses on presenting a discussion regarding administrative corruption in terms of types, cause, effects, and consequences. Definition According to Myint (3) corruption in its basic form regards to a form of dishonesty or fraudulent behaviors, by people in power, which may involve bribery, bribery, nepotism, extortion, embezzlement, and favoritism or involvement in actions that make people to be morally depraved. Types One of the forms of corruption is bribery that receives a substantial share of references, whereby people a bribe as money or favors for influencing a public official and it is in form of fixed sum, percentage of contracts favor in money in kind that is given to a state official. It also related to the bribe given to a state official to make a contract on behave of the state or business with a distribution of the benefits to the companies or the clients. The other type of corruption is nepotism that occurs when the administrative offices favor their relatives or close friends for a position in organization; especially if they hold a high position that involves decision making. This form of corruption is natural to human beings, whereby they can give preferential treatment to their family members and friends. For example when a student is a relative to the principal and the teachers are reporting low marks in subjects he is taking, the principal can change the low marks to high marks, thus falling a victim of the temptations of nepotism. The other example of corruption involves police receiving of bribe from corrupt individuals to earn a favors by breaking the law, fencing stolen goods and others like extortions by police officers. Police may also engage in violation of individuals rights either by use of excessive physical force which is brutality, discriminatory arrest, or verbal harassment. Causes The first cause of c orruption is increases in the level of poverty in the society, whereby only the rich are favored, while the poor continues to sail in their boat of thrifty (Myint, 5). Apparently, this hinders them from enjoying their rights as citizens of a given country. Therefore, it becomes extremely complicated when it comes to dealing with the corruption in the in various administrative departments. For instance, police may receive bribes from public transport vehicles where by ignoring the vehicles (Myint, 6). They do not arrest those drivers that are over speeding, this being one of the main causes of accidents. The other cause of corruption has also been evident through effects of political influence on administrative officers with differentiated political affiliations (Myint, 8). Certain politicians manipulate the some administrative officers in order to achieve their inclinations by using bribes, threats and nepotism; thus, politicians and leaders have increased ability to perpetrate corr uption in the society, and this has negative impact on members of the society. Effects Corruption in organizations has economic effects on the community relating to categorization of being major or minor, though both of them have a serious impact on the individual community. Corruption results to depletion of resources or the national wealth, thus taking the responsibility for the increase in the cost of commodities, funneling of scarce public resources, leading to uneconomic projects at the expense of the need projects by the public such as schools, hospitals and improvement of infrastructure in the society, and it also contributes to misallocation of resource, conversion of

Elections Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Elections - Essay Example 4) Biden gave both opening and closing statements, Ryan was defensive, and it was a one sided victory by Biden. 3)The feisty Republican candidate relentlessly criticized and thrashed the opponent Democratic ways, policies and leadership style i.e. Obama care, Libya, economy etc (Espo, and Daly). But on matters such as Taxes, Foreign Policy, American values, he gave baffled answers. The first question out of three that were more prominent was: Biden was anti-war like Obama and said clearly that the last thing that America needed was another war, while Ryan, like Romney said they would continue to increase troops and forces in Iraq and Afghanistan, and they do foresee a war in the making with Iran due to Iran-U.S clashes. 2) Secondly, Ryan defended well, the fiery questions from Biden, about his Taxes plans and Federal Policy facts 3) Ryan was not able to retain his composure upon questions regarding Foreign policy matters especially the Middle East situation, and National security mat ters such as combating terrorism (Miles). Ryan had the edge over Biden from the start by 42% to 25% margin (Espo, and Daly). But due to his young age and lack of experience and political insight, he failed to get a strong grip of the debate and ended up being wonky and puzzled about questions regarding their tax related policies and foreign policy predictions. I am personally in favor of Biden’s take on all over the debate issues, as he tackled the situations with a lot of reason and logic, and without exaggeration he had facts and figures to support his arguments, and his age, experience and Political know how helped him immensely, to get the audiences’ attention. 4)Although, it is hard to decide which candidate won the debate, as both had their strong and weak moments, but Biden had a clear, easily sensed edge over his rival Ryan. Ryan sounded wonky, less expressive, less concrete and lacking in political rationale. Part 4) 4)2012 results VOTES % WON Barack Obama 62, 611,250 50.6% Mitt Romney 59,134,475 47.8 Others 1,968,682 1.6 (Andrews et al ). SOURCE: AP. Map Barack Obama won the United States Election 2012 by leading from the front, either of the candidates, Barack H. Obama, and Mitt Romney, had to secure 270 seats to achieve the highly anticipated victory. Barack Obama won with 332 Electoral Votes, while Mitt Romney ended up with 206 Votes (Andrews et al ). The Map Analysis prior to the close Electoral Campaign shows that President Obama  carries a momentous, edge over former Massachusetts governor  Mitt Romney  in the battle for 270 electoral votes this fall, according to the first detailed analysis of the map conducted by the Fix ( Chris , and Aaron Blake ) Obama starts the general election with 15 states (plus the District of Columbia) and 196 electoral votes strengthen him while Romney begins with 21 states and 170 electoral votes firmly in his corner. (One of the states sturdily for Romney is Indiana, where Obama won in 2008 but no one expects a repeat performance in 2012). Another three states — Pennsylvania (20 electoral votes), Michigan (16) and New Mexico (5) — incline toward Obama while Arizona (11) and Missouri (10) lean toward Romney. Adding them up lends Obama 237 electoral votes and Romney 191 electoral votes. (Chris, and Aaron Blake) The SWING States: While Obama was a much likely candidate than Romney, victory will be decided by the nine swing states —

Incident Handling on Cloud Computing

Incident Handling on Cloud Computing Introduction Cloud Computing Cloud computing provides people the way to share distributed resources and services that belong to different organizations or sites.As cloud computing allocate the divided possessions by means of the systems in the released surroundings. Thats why it creates the safety issues for us to expand the cloud computing application. Cloud computing is explained by NIST as the representation for allow suitable, on demand arrangements for right to entry to a collective pool of settings the calculative Possessions. All these like networks, servers, storage, application and services is continuously planned and free with less supervisory activities or cloud supplier communication. Cloud computing is taken as a innovative calculating concept up to now. It permitted the use of calculating communication with more than one stage of thoughts. The spot requirement of these services is offered online at fewer prices. Reason is that the insinuation for the high elasticity and accessibility. Cloud computing is the main topic which will be getting the good manner of concentration recently. Cloud computing services gives advantages from financial systems of all range accomplished. With this the flexible utilization of possessions, occupation and others work competency. However, cloud computing is an emerging forming of distributed computing that is still in its infancy. The concept uses of its own all the levels of explanations and analysis. Most of the concepts has been written regarding cloud computing, its explanation. Its main aim is to search the major paradigm of the utilization and given that common classification for Concepts and significant details of the services. A public cloud is the major one which has the communication and other calculative possessions. This consists of making obtainable to the common people online. This is known by all the cloud servicer who is doing the marketing. Its by giving explanation of the outsider industries. On the other hand of the range is the confidential cloud. The confidential cloud is the one in which the calculating surroundings is generated completely for the industry. This can handled by industry or by the third party. This can be hosted under the industries information centre which is within or outside of it. The private cloud provides the industry a good control on the communication and calculative sources as compared to public cloud. There is other operational models which lies between the private and public cloud. These are community cloud and hybrid cloud. The community cloud is mainly related to private cloud. On the other hand the communication and calculative sources will be mutual by various industries that are having a similar confidentiality and regulatory thoughts. Instead they are exclusively checking the one industry. The hybrid cloud is mainly the blend of two or more than two clouds i.e. (private, community, or public) this Become the uncommon bodies which are stringed to each other by harmonized or proprietary technology which allows interoperability. Same as the various operational models which impacts to the industrial range and organized surroundings. Thats why this model gives assistance to the cloud which impacts it. Three well-known and frequently-used service models are the following: Software-as-a-Service. Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) is an on demand software services in which user gets access to the required software thorough some intermediate client like browser using internet. Software platform and relevant files are stored centrally. It drastically reduces the total cost of software for the user as it does not require user to incur any infrastructure cost which include hardware installation cost, maintenance cost and operating cost. Subscribers of these services are only given limited control related to the desired software including any preference selection and administrative setting. They do not have any control over the underlying cloud infrastructure. Platform-as-a-Service. Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) is an on demand platform delivery model. In this user is provided with the complete software platform which is used by the subscriber to develop and deploy software. It also result in considerable saving for the subscriber as he does not have to incur costs related to buying and managing of complicated hardware and software components required to support the software development platform. The special purpose development environment is tailored to the specific needs of the subscriber by the cloud service provider. Good enough controls are given to the subscriber to aid in smooth development of software. Infrastructure-as-a-Service. Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) is an on demand infrastructure delivery services. In this host of computing servers, softwares, and network equipments are provided. This infrastructure is used to establish platform to develop and execute software. Subscriber can cut down his cost to bare minimum by avoiding any purchase of hardware and software components. Subscribers is given quite a lot of flexibility to choose various infrastructural components as per the requirements. Cloud subscriber controls the maximum security features. Figure illustrates the differences in scope and control between the cloud subscriber and cloud provider. Given central diagram shows the five conceptual layers of a cloud environment which apply to public clouds and other deployments models The arrows at the left and right of the diagram denote the approximate range of the cloud providers and users scope and control over the cloud environment for each service model. Cloud subscribers extent of control over the system is determined by the level of support provided by the cloud provider. Higher the support by cloud provider lower is the scope and control of the subscriber. Physical elements of cloud environment are shown by two lower layers of the diagram. These physical elements are completely controlled by cloud provider irrespective of the service model. The facility layer which is the lowest layer comprises of Heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC), power, communications, and other aspects of the physical plant whereas hardware layers comprises of network , storage and other physical computing infrastructure elements The logical elements of a cloud environment is denoted by other layers The virtualized infrastructure layer lead to software components, such as hypervisors, virtual machines, virtual data storage, and supporting middleware elements required to setup a capable infrastructure to establish efficient computing platform While virtual machine technology is commonly used at this layer, other means of providing the necessary software abstractions are not precluded. Similarly, the platform architecture layer entails compilers, libraries, utilities, and other software tools and development environments needed to implement applications. The application layer represents deployed software applications targeted towards end-user software clients or other programs, and made available via the cloud. Iaas ans Paas as services are very close and difference between them is quite vague. Basically these are distinguished by the kind of support environment, level of support and control allocation between cloud subscriber and cloud provider. Main thrust of cloud computing is not only limited to single organization but also extends as a vehicle for outsourcing various components as public cloud. been to provide a vehicle for outsourcing parts of that environment to an outside party as a public cloud. Through any outsource of information technology services, relates survived in relation to any connotation for system safety and isolation. The main issue centres on the risks associated with moving important applications or data from within the confines of the Industries calculating centre which is of different other company (i.e. a public cloud). That is easily available to the normal people Decreasing prise and increasing proficiency is the main concerns. These two are the chief inspirations for stepping towards the public cloud. On the other hand deceasing accountability for the safety should not depend on it. Finally the industry is responsible for all safety issues of the outsourced services. Observing and addressing the safety problems which go increase will be at the sight of industry. Some of the major issue like performances and accessibility. Because cloud computing brings with it new security challenges, it is essential for an organization to oversee and Administer in which manner the cloud servicer handles and prevent the computing environment and provides guarantee of safety. Incidents an event is any observable occurrence in a system or network. Events include a user connecting to a file, a server receiving a request for a Web page, a user sending electronic mail, and a firewall blocking a connection attempt. Unfavorable occasion are the one which has unhelpful results. For instance: crashes, network packet floods and unauthorized utilization. of system privileges, unauthorized access to sensitive data, and execution of malicious code that destroys data. A system safety occasion is actually a contravention or forthcoming danger of breach of system safety strategy, suitable utilization policies and modeled safety policies. The terminology for these incidents is helpful to the small business owner for understanding service and product offerings Denial of Service- An attacker directs hundreds of external compromised workstations to send as many ping requests as possible to a business network, swamping the system. Malicious Code- A worm is able to quickly infect several hundred workstations within an organization by taking advantage of a vulnerability that is present in many of the companys unpatched computers. Unauthorized Access- An attacker runs a piece of â€Å"evil† software to gain access to a servers password file. The attacker then obtains unauthorized administrator-level access to a system and the sensitive data it contains, either stealing the data for future use or blackmailing the firm for its return. Inappropriate Usage- An employee provides illegal copies of software to others through peer-to-peer file sharing services, accesses pornographic or hate-based websites or threatens another person through email. Incident Handling: Incident handling can be divided into six phases: preparation, identification, containment, eradication, recovery, and follow-up. Step 1: Preparation: In the heat of the moment, when an incident has been discovered, decision-making may be haphazard. Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) is an on demand software services in which user gets access to the required software thorough some intermediate client like browser using internet. Software platform and relevant files are stored centrally. It drastically reduces the total cost of software for the user as it does not require user to incur any infrastructure cost which include hardware installation cost, maintenance cost and operating cost. Subscribers of these services are only given limited control related to the desired software including any preference selection and administrative setting. They do not have any control over the underlying cloud infrastructure. Platform-as-a-Service. Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) is an on demand platform delivery model. In this user is provided with the complete software platform which is used by the subscriber to develop and deploy software. It also result in considerable saving for the subscriber as he does not have to incur costs related to buying and managing of complicated hardware and software components required to support the software development platform. The special purpose development environment is tailored to the specific needs of the subscriber by the cloud service provider. Good enough controls are given to the subscriber to aid in smooth development of software. Infrastructure-as-a-Service. Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) is an on demand infrastructure delivery services. In this host of computing servers, softwares, and network equipments are provided. This infrastructure is used to establish platform to develop and execute software. Subscriber can cut down his cost to bare minimum by avoiding any purchase of hardware and software components. Subscribers is given quite a lot of flexibility to choose various infrastructural components as per the requirements. Cloud subscriber controls the maximum security features. Figure illustrates the differences in scope and control between the cloud subscriber and cloud provider. Given central diagram shows the five conceptual layers of a cloud environment which apply to public clouds and other deployments models The arrows at the left and right of the diagram denote the approximate range of the cloud providers and users scope and control over the cloud environment for each service model. Cloud subscribers extent of control over the system is determined by the level of support provided by the cloud provider. Higher the support by cloud provider lower is the scope and control of the subscriber. Physical elements of cloud environment are shown by two lower layers of the diagram. These physical elements are completely controlled by cloud provider irrespective of the service model. The facility layer which is the lowest layer comprises of Heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC), power, communications, and other aspects of the physical plant whereas hardware layers comprises of network , storage and other physical computing infrastructure elements The logical elements of a cloud environment is denoted by other layers The virtualized infrastructure layer lead to software components, such as hypervisors, virtual machines, virtual data storage, and supporting middleware elements required to setup a capable infrastructure to establish efficient computing platform While virtual machine technology is commonly used at this layer, other means of providing the necessary software abstractions are not precluded. Similarly, the platform architecture layer entails compilers, libraries, utilities, and other software tools and development environments needed to implement applications. The application layer represents deployed software applications targeted towards end-user software clients or other programs, and made available via the cloud. Iaas ans Paas as services are very close and difference between them is quite vague. Basically these are distinguished by the kind of support environment, level of support and control allocation between cloud subscriber and cloud provider. Main thrust of cloud computing is not only limited to single organization but also extends as a vehicle for outsourcing various components as public cloud. Delete the reason of the event. Position the latest clean back up (to prepare for the computer mending) Step 5: Recovery: This phase ensures that the system is returned to a fully operational status. The following steps should be taken in the recovery phase: Restore the system. Authenticate the machine The machine will be re-established then there should be the process of verification of the operations. After this the machine should be reverse to its normal behaviour. Organisation can take decision on leaving the monitor offline when the system is operating and patches installation. Watch the computer. When the monitor is reverse to online, it start the system for backdoors which avoids findings. Step 6: Follow-Up: This stage is significant for recognizing the message delivered and it will reduce the future happenings. Build the explained event report and gives the duplicates to the management. The operating units IT security Officer and the Department of Commerces IT Security Program Manager. Provide the optional alteration to the management. Execute the accepted activities. Post-Incident If the organization has a post-incident lessons learned process, they may want the cloud vendor to be involved in this process. What agreements will the organization need with the cloud provider for the lessons learned process? If the cloud provider has a lessons learned process, does management have concerns regarding information reported or shared relating to the organization? The cloud vendor will not be able to see much of the companys processes, capabilities or maturity. The company may have concerns regarding how much of its internal foibles to share. If there are concerns, get agreement internally first, then negotiate them, if possible, and have them written into the contract. If the vendor will not or cannot meet the customers process requirements, what steps will the organization need to take? An IH team collects and analyzes incident process metrics for trend and process improvement purposes. Like any other organization, the cloud provider will be collecting objective and subjective information regarding IH processes. As NIST points out, the useof this data is for a variety of purposes, including justifying additional funding of the incident response team. Will the organization need this IH process metric data from the provider to enable a complete understanding of the integration area in case the organization ever has a need to bring the cloud function back in-house? Will the organization need this data for reporting and process improvement in general? The use of this data is also for understanding trends related to attacks targeting the organization. Would the lack of this attack trend data leave the organization unacceptably exposed to risk? Determine what IH process metric data is required by the team and write it into the contract. The organization will need to decide if they require provisions with the cloud provider regarding their evidence retention policies. Will the vendor keep the evidence long enough to meet the organizations requirements? If not, will the organization need to bring the cloud vendors evidence in-house? Will the vendor allow the customer to take custody of the evidence? If the vendor retains the evidence longer than the customer policies dictate does this work create risk for the customer? If so, what recourse does the customer have? Legal counsel will need to provide direction in this area in order to ensure compliance with laws for all jurisdictions. Background: Cloud computing has built on industry developments dating from the 1980s by leveraging outsourced infrastructure services, hosted applications and software as a service (Owens, 2010). In the all parts, the techniques used are not original. Yet, in aggregate, it is something very different. The differences provide both benefits and problems for the organization integrating with the cloud. The addition of elasticity and pay-as-you-go to this collection of technologies makes cloud computing compelling to CIOs in companies of all sizes. Cloud integration presents unique challenges to incident handlers as well as to those responsible for preparing and negotiating the contract for cloud services. The challenges are further complicated when there is a prevailing perception that the cloud integration is â€Å"inside the security Edge or the organisation has been stated in written that a agreement needed the supplier to be safe, this must be sufficient. This sort of thinking may be naà ¯ve but, unfortunately, it is not rare. The cloud provider may have a great deal of built in security or they may not. Whether they do or not, incident handling (IH) teams will eventually face incidents related to the integration, necessitating planning for handling incidents in this new environment. The impacts of cloud integration warrant a careful analysis by an organization before implementation. An introduction of a disruptive technology such as cloud computing can make both definition and documentation of services, policies, and procedures unclear in a given environment. The IH team may find that it is helpful to go through the same process that the team initially followed when establishing their IH capability. Security Incident The term security incident used in this guideline refers to any incident related to information security. It refers to information leakage that will be undesirable to the interests of the Government or an adverse event in an information system and/or network that poses a threat to computer or network security in respect of availability, integrity and confidentiality. On the other hand, the worse incidents like natural calamity, power cuts and data line failure. . are not within the scope of this guideline, and should be addressed by the system maintenance and disaster recovery plan. Examples of security incidents include: unauthorized access, unauthorized utilization of services, denial of resources, disruption of services, compromise of protected data / program / network system privileges, leaks of classified data in electronic form, malicious destruction or modification of data / information, penetration and intrusion, misuse of system resources, computer viruses and hoaxes, and malicious codes or scripts affecting networked systems. Security Incident Handling Security incident handlingis a set of continuous processes governing the activities before, during and after a security incident occurs. Security incident handling begins with the planning and preparing for the resources, and developing proper procedures to be followed, such as the escalation and security incident response procedures. When a security incident is detected, security incident response is made by the responsible parties following the predefined procedures The safety events gave the response which is representing the actions accepted out to handle the safety events. These are mainly helpful to re-establish the common operations. Specific incident response teams are usually established to perform the tasks of making security incident response. When the incident is over, follow up actions will be taken to evaluate the incident and to strengthen security protection to prevent recurrence. The planning and preparation tasks will be reviewed and revised accordingly to ensure that there are sufficient resources (including manpower, equipment and technical knowledge) and properly defined procedures to deal with similar incidents in future. Cloud Service The outlook on cloud computing services can vary significantly among organizations, because of inherent differences These events as its main aim, assets held and open to the domestic risks faced and risk bearable. For example, a government organization that mainly handles data about individual citizens of the country has different security objectives than a government organization that does not. Similarly, the security objectives of a government organization that prepares and disseminates information for public consumption are different from one that deals mainly with classified information for its own internal use. From a risk perspective, determining the suitability of cloud services for an organization is not possible without understanding the context in which the organization operates and the consequences from the plausible threats it faces. The set of security objectives of an organization, therefore, is a key factor for decisions about outsourcing information technology services and, In specific, in order to make genuine decisions related to industries sources about the public cloud. The cloud calculating particular servicer and the service arrangements for the organization. There are lot of things which works for one industry but not for other. Not only this some pragmatic thoughtfulness. Many industries will not afford economically to save all calculative sources and possessions at all highest degree possible and must prioritize available options based on cost as well as criticality and sensitivity. When keeping the strong advantages of public cloud computing, it is indispensable to focus of safety. Significantly the safety of industry security goals is of major concern, so that the future decisions can be made accordingly. Finally the conclusion on the cloud computing rely on the risk analysis of the trade included. Service Agreements Specifications for public cloud services and service arrangements are generally called Service Level Agreements (SLAs). The SLA presents the thoughtfulness among the cloud subscriber and cloud provider related to the known range of services. This is to be delivered in the range that the servicer is not able to provide at different range defined. There are typical forms of a part of the different levels of services. The specific is the overall services contract or the services agreement. The terms of service cover other important details such as licensing of services, criteria for acceptable use, Provisional procrastination, boundaries of all responsibility, security policies and alterations in that period of service. The main aim of this report is the period of SLA which is utilize for the services agreement in its entity. There are two types of SLAs exists: i.e. which is non defined and non negotiable contract the other is negotiated agreement. Non-variable contracts is the many ways on the basis for the financial level which is enjoyed by the public cloud computing. The terms which are agreed fully by cloud provider but with some offerings, the service provider has also the capability to do the changes. Negotiated SLAs are more like traditional information technology outsourcing contracts. These SLAs can be employed to deal with corporations apprehension about technical controls, procedures, security procedures and privacy policy such as the vetting of employees,data ownership and exit rights, isolation of tenant applications, data encryption and segregation, tracking and reporting service effectiveness, compliance with laws and regulations (e.g., Federal Information Security Management Act), and the deployment of appropriate products following international or national standards (e.g., Federal Information Processing Standard 140-2 for cryptographic modules). A negotiated SLA for critical data and application might require an agency A negotiated SLA is less cost effective because of the inherent cost of negotiation which can significantly disturb and have a negative impact on the economies of scale, which is main asset a non-negotiable SLA bring to the public cloud computing. Result of a negotiation is based on the size of the corporation and the magnitude of influence it can exert. Irrespective of the type of SLA, it is very necessary to obtain pertinent legal and technical advice to make sure terms of service meets the need of the organization. The Security Upside While the biggest obstacle facing public cloud computing is security, the cloud computing paradigm provides opportunities for thinking out of the box solutions to improve overall security of the corporation. Small corporations are going to have the biggest advantage from the cloud computing services as small companies have limited staff and infrastructure support to compete with bigger organization on fronts of technology and economies of scale. Potential areas of improvement where organizations may derive security benefits from transitioning to a public cloud computing environment include the following: Staff Specialization. Just like corporations with large-scale computing facilities, cloud providers provides an break to staff toto specialize in security, privacy, and other areas of high interest and concern to the organization. Increases in the scale of computing induce specialization, which in turn allows security staff to shed other duties and concentrate exclusively on security issues. Through increased specialization, there is an opportunity for staff members gain in-depth experience, take remedial actions, and make security improvements more readily than otherwise would be possible with a diverse set of duties. Platform Strength. The structure of cloud computing platforms is typically more uniform than that of most traditional computing centers. Greater uniformity and homogeneity facilitate platform hardening and enable better automation of security management activities like configuration control, vulnerability testing, security audits, and security patching of platform components. Information assurance and security response activities also profit from a uniform, homogeneous cloud infrastructure, as do system management activities, such as fault management, load balancing, and system maintenance. Many cloud providers meet standards for operational compliance and certification in areas like healthcare (e.g., Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)), finance (e.g., Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS)) and audit (e.g., Statement on Auditing Standards No. 70 Resource Availability. The scalability of the cloud computing facilities permits the greatest consideration. Unemployment and calamity healing capability is building into the cloud computing surroundings. The different sources ability would be utilizing for better flexibility while facing higher demands or divided rejection of servicer and for faster improvement from Severe events When any event happens, the occasion survived again to collect the data. The large data is easily available with good explanation and less effect on construction. On the other hand the pliability might be having different results. For Instance: a non successful person divided the rejection of service attackers which can consume fast. Support and Improvement. The encouragement and revival strategy and processes of a cloud services might be better than that of the industry. In case the different duplicates are maintained in the assorted natural features can be healthier. Information stored within the cloud would be easily available which is easy to store and highly reliable. In different situation it proved to be maintained in a traditional information centre. In such situation, cloud services could means for offsite encouragement data collection. Mainly the network performance on the net and the usage of the data involved are preventing the issue which impacted the re-establishment. The structure of a cloud solution spreads to the consumer at the service endpoints. This utilizes to access the hosted submission. Cloud consumer is based on browser and on application. However the main calculative sources need to be held by the cloud provider. Consumer is normally low weight calculation and easily handled. The laptops, notebook and net books are well embedded devices like smart mobile phones, tablets and personal digital help. Information Awareness. Information prepared and developed in the cloud would be able to show low risk to the industry. There are lot of risk involved in the industry, different information are transferring on various systems. Portable systems or transferrable media is out in the field, where the loss of devices and theft occurs frequently. Many industries have made the evolution to handle the availability to the industry. So many industries have already made the evolution to hold the availability to the organizational information. In addition to calculating the stage or alternative for domestic submission and public cloud services like target on providing security and safety to other calculating surroundings. Information Midpoint Familiarize. Cloud services would be able to utilize the safety information centres. For instance: e-mail can be t Incident Handling on Cloud Computing Incident Handling on Cloud Computing Introduction Cloud Computing Cloud computing provides people the way to share distributed resources and services that belong to different organizations or sites.As cloud computing allocate the divided possessions by means of the systems in the released surroundings. Thats why it creates the safety issues for us to expand the cloud computing application. Cloud computing is explained by NIST as the representation for allow suitable, on demand arrangements for right to entry to a collective pool of settings the calculative Possessions. All these like networks, servers, storage, application and services is continuously planned and free with less supervisory activities or cloud supplier communication. Cloud computing is taken as a innovative calculating concept up to now. It permitted the use of calculating communication with more than one stage of thoughts. The spot requirement of these services is offered online at fewer prices. Reason is that the insinuation for the high elasticity and accessibility. Cloud computing is the main topic which will be getting the good manner of concentration recently. Cloud computing services gives advantages from financial systems of all range accomplished. With this the flexible utilization of possessions, occupation and others work competency. However, cloud computing is an emerging forming of distributed computing that is still in its infancy. The concept uses of its own all the levels of explanations and analysis. Most of the concepts has been written regarding cloud computing, its explanation. Its main aim is to search the major paradigm of the utilization and given that common classification for Concepts and significant details of the services. A public cloud is the major one which has the communication and other calculative possessions. This consists of making obtainable to the common people online. This is known by all the cloud servicer who is doing the marketing. Its by giving explanation of the outsider industries. On the other hand of the range is the confidential cloud. The confidential cloud is the one in which the calculating surroundings is generated completely for the industry. This can handled by industry or by the third party. This can be hosted under the industries information centre which is within or outside of it. The private cloud provides the industry a good control on the communication and calculative sources as compared to public cloud. There is other operational models which lies between the private and public cloud. These are community cloud and hybrid cloud. The community cloud is mainly related to private cloud. On the other hand the communication and calculative sources will be mutual by various industries that are having a similar confidentiality and regulatory thoughts. Instead they are exclusively checking the one industry. The hybrid cloud is mainly the blend of two or more than two clouds i.e. (private, community, or public) this Become the uncommon bodies which are stringed to each other by harmonized or proprietary technology which allows interoperability. Same as the various operational models which impacts to the industrial range and organized surroundings. Thats why this model gives assistance to the cloud which impacts it. Three well-known and frequently-used service models are the following: Software-as-a-Service. Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) is an on demand software services in which user gets access to the required software thorough some intermediate client like browser using internet. Software platform and relevant files are stored centrally. It drastically reduces the total cost of software for the user as it does not require user to incur any infrastructure cost which include hardware installation cost, maintenance cost and operating cost. Subscribers of these services are only given limited control related to the desired software including any preference selection and administrative setting. They do not have any control over the underlying cloud infrastructure. Platform-as-a-Service. Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) is an on demand platform delivery model. In this user is provided with the complete software platform which is used by the subscriber to develop and deploy software. It also result in considerable saving for the subscriber as he does not have to incur costs related to buying and managing of complicated hardware and software components required to support the software development platform. The special purpose development environment is tailored to the specific needs of the subscriber by the cloud service provider. Good enough controls are given to the subscriber to aid in smooth development of software. Infrastructure-as-a-Service. Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) is an on demand infrastructure delivery services. In this host of computing servers, softwares, and network equipments are provided. This infrastructure is used to establish platform to develop and execute software. Subscriber can cut down his cost to bare minimum by avoiding any purchase of hardware and software components. Subscribers is given quite a lot of flexibility to choose various infrastructural components as per the requirements. Cloud subscriber controls the maximum security features. Figure illustrates the differences in scope and control between the cloud subscriber and cloud provider. Given central diagram shows the five conceptual layers of a cloud environment which apply to public clouds and other deployments models The arrows at the left and right of the diagram denote the approximate range of the cloud providers and users scope and control over the cloud environment for each service model. Cloud subscribers extent of control over the system is determined by the level of support provided by the cloud provider. Higher the support by cloud provider lower is the scope and control of the subscriber. Physical elements of cloud environment are shown by two lower layers of the diagram. These physical elements are completely controlled by cloud provider irrespective of the service model. The facility layer which is the lowest layer comprises of Heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC), power, communications, and other aspects of the physical plant whereas hardware layers comprises of network , storage and other physical computing infrastructure elements The logical elements of a cloud environment is denoted by other layers The virtualized infrastructure layer lead to software components, such as hypervisors, virtual machines, virtual data storage, and supporting middleware elements required to setup a capable infrastructure to establish efficient computing platform While virtual machine technology is commonly used at this layer, other means of providing the necessary software abstractions are not precluded. Similarly, the platform architecture layer entails compilers, libraries, utilities, and other software tools and development environments needed to implement applications. The application layer represents deployed software applications targeted towards end-user software clients or other programs, and made available via the cloud. Iaas ans Paas as services are very close and difference between them is quite vague. Basically these are distinguished by the kind of support environment, level of support and control allocation between cloud subscriber and cloud provider. Main thrust of cloud computing is not only limited to single organization but also extends as a vehicle for outsourcing various components as public cloud. been to provide a vehicle for outsourcing parts of that environment to an outside party as a public cloud. Through any outsource of information technology services, relates survived in relation to any connotation for system safety and isolation. The main issue centres on the risks associated with moving important applications or data from within the confines of the Industries calculating centre which is of different other company (i.e. a public cloud). That is easily available to the normal people Decreasing prise and increasing proficiency is the main concerns. These two are the chief inspirations for stepping towards the public cloud. On the other hand deceasing accountability for the safety should not depend on it. Finally the industry is responsible for all safety issues of the outsourced services. Observing and addressing the safety problems which go increase will be at the sight of industry. Some of the major issue like performances and accessibility. Because cloud computing brings with it new security challenges, it is essential for an organization to oversee and Administer in which manner the cloud servicer handles and prevent the computing environment and provides guarantee of safety. Incidents an event is any observable occurrence in a system or network. Events include a user connecting to a file, a server receiving a request for a Web page, a user sending electronic mail, and a firewall blocking a connection attempt. Unfavorable occasion are the one which has unhelpful results. For instance: crashes, network packet floods and unauthorized utilization. of system privileges, unauthorized access to sensitive data, and execution of malicious code that destroys data. A system safety occasion is actually a contravention or forthcoming danger of breach of system safety strategy, suitable utilization policies and modeled safety policies. The terminology for these incidents is helpful to the small business owner for understanding service and product offerings Denial of Service- An attacker directs hundreds of external compromised workstations to send as many ping requests as possible to a business network, swamping the system. Malicious Code- A worm is able to quickly infect several hundred workstations within an organization by taking advantage of a vulnerability that is present in many of the companys unpatched computers. Unauthorized Access- An attacker runs a piece of â€Å"evil† software to gain access to a servers password file. The attacker then obtains unauthorized administrator-level access to a system and the sensitive data it contains, either stealing the data for future use or blackmailing the firm for its return. Inappropriate Usage- An employee provides illegal copies of software to others through peer-to-peer file sharing services, accesses pornographic or hate-based websites or threatens another person through email. Incident Handling: Incident handling can be divided into six phases: preparation, identification, containment, eradication, recovery, and follow-up. Step 1: Preparation: In the heat of the moment, when an incident has been discovered, decision-making may be haphazard. Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) is an on demand software services in which user gets access to the required software thorough some intermediate client like browser using internet. Software platform and relevant files are stored centrally. It drastically reduces the total cost of software for the user as it does not require user to incur any infrastructure cost which include hardware installation cost, maintenance cost and operating cost. Subscribers of these services are only given limited control related to the desired software including any preference selection and administrative setting. They do not have any control over the underlying cloud infrastructure. Platform-as-a-Service. Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) is an on demand platform delivery model. In this user is provided with the complete software platform which is used by the subscriber to develop and deploy software. It also result in considerable saving for the subscriber as he does not have to incur costs related to buying and managing of complicated hardware and software components required to support the software development platform. The special purpose development environment is tailored to the specific needs of the subscriber by the cloud service provider. Good enough controls are given to the subscriber to aid in smooth development of software. Infrastructure-as-a-Service. Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) is an on demand infrastructure delivery services. In this host of computing servers, softwares, and network equipments are provided. This infrastructure is used to establish platform to develop and execute software. Subscriber can cut down his cost to bare minimum by avoiding any purchase of hardware and software components. Subscribers is given quite a lot of flexibility to choose various infrastructural components as per the requirements. Cloud subscriber controls the maximum security features. Figure illustrates the differences in scope and control between the cloud subscriber and cloud provider. Given central diagram shows the five conceptual layers of a cloud environment which apply to public clouds and other deployments models The arrows at the left and right of the diagram denote the approximate range of the cloud providers and users scope and control over the cloud environment for each service model. Cloud subscribers extent of control over the system is determined by the level of support provided by the cloud provider. Higher the support by cloud provider lower is the scope and control of the subscriber. Physical elements of cloud environment are shown by two lower layers of the diagram. These physical elements are completely controlled by cloud provider irrespective of the service model. The facility layer which is the lowest layer comprises of Heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC), power, communications, and other aspects of the physical plant whereas hardware layers comprises of network , storage and other physical computing infrastructure elements The logical elements of a cloud environment is denoted by other layers The virtualized infrastructure layer lead to software components, such as hypervisors, virtual machines, virtual data storage, and supporting middleware elements required to setup a capable infrastructure to establish efficient computing platform While virtual machine technology is commonly used at this layer, other means of providing the necessary software abstractions are not precluded. Similarly, the platform architecture layer entails compilers, libraries, utilities, and other software tools and development environments needed to implement applications. The application layer represents deployed software applications targeted towards end-user software clients or other programs, and made available via the cloud. Iaas ans Paas as services are very close and difference between them is quite vague. Basically these are distinguished by the kind of support environment, level of support and control allocation between cloud subscriber and cloud provider. Main thrust of cloud computing is not only limited to single organization but also extends as a vehicle for outsourcing various components as public cloud. Delete the reason of the event. Position the latest clean back up (to prepare for the computer mending) Step 5: Recovery: This phase ensures that the system is returned to a fully operational status. The following steps should be taken in the recovery phase: Restore the system. Authenticate the machine The machine will be re-established then there should be the process of verification of the operations. After this the machine should be reverse to its normal behaviour. Organisation can take decision on leaving the monitor offline when the system is operating and patches installation. Watch the computer. When the monitor is reverse to online, it start the system for backdoors which avoids findings. Step 6: Follow-Up: This stage is significant for recognizing the message delivered and it will reduce the future happenings. Build the explained event report and gives the duplicates to the management. The operating units IT security Officer and the Department of Commerces IT Security Program Manager. Provide the optional alteration to the management. Execute the accepted activities. Post-Incident If the organization has a post-incident lessons learned process, they may want the cloud vendor to be involved in this process. What agreements will the organization need with the cloud provider for the lessons learned process? If the cloud provider has a lessons learned process, does management have concerns regarding information reported or shared relating to the organization? The cloud vendor will not be able to see much of the companys processes, capabilities or maturity. The company may have concerns regarding how much of its internal foibles to share. If there are concerns, get agreement internally first, then negotiate them, if possible, and have them written into the contract. If the vendor will not or cannot meet the customers process requirements, what steps will the organization need to take? An IH team collects and analyzes incident process metrics for trend and process improvement purposes. Like any other organization, the cloud provider will be collecting objective and subjective information regarding IH processes. As NIST points out, the useof this data is for a variety of purposes, including justifying additional funding of the incident response team. Will the organization need this IH process metric data from the provider to enable a complete understanding of the integration area in case the organization ever has a need to bring the cloud function back in-house? Will the organization need this data for reporting and process improvement in general? The use of this data is also for understanding trends related to attacks targeting the organization. Would the lack of this attack trend data leave the organization unacceptably exposed to risk? Determine what IH process metric data is required by the team and write it into the contract. The organization will need to decide if they require provisions with the cloud provider regarding their evidence retention policies. Will the vendor keep the evidence long enough to meet the organizations requirements? If not, will the organization need to bring the cloud vendors evidence in-house? Will the vendor allow the customer to take custody of the evidence? If the vendor retains the evidence longer than the customer policies dictate does this work create risk for the customer? If so, what recourse does the customer have? Legal counsel will need to provide direction in this area in order to ensure compliance with laws for all jurisdictions. Background: Cloud computing has built on industry developments dating from the 1980s by leveraging outsourced infrastructure services, hosted applications and software as a service (Owens, 2010). In the all parts, the techniques used are not original. Yet, in aggregate, it is something very different. The differences provide both benefits and problems for the organization integrating with the cloud. The addition of elasticity and pay-as-you-go to this collection of technologies makes cloud computing compelling to CIOs in companies of all sizes. Cloud integration presents unique challenges to incident handlers as well as to those responsible for preparing and negotiating the contract for cloud services. The challenges are further complicated when there is a prevailing perception that the cloud integration is â€Å"inside the security Edge or the organisation has been stated in written that a agreement needed the supplier to be safe, this must be sufficient. This sort of thinking may be naà ¯ve but, unfortunately, it is not rare. The cloud provider may have a great deal of built in security or they may not. Whether they do or not, incident handling (IH) teams will eventually face incidents related to the integration, necessitating planning for handling incidents in this new environment. The impacts of cloud integration warrant a careful analysis by an organization before implementation. An introduction of a disruptive technology such as cloud computing can make both definition and documentation of services, policies, and procedures unclear in a given environment. The IH team may find that it is helpful to go through the same process that the team initially followed when establishing their IH capability. Security Incident The term security incident used in this guideline refers to any incident related to information security. It refers to information leakage that will be undesirable to the interests of the Government or an adverse event in an information system and/or network that poses a threat to computer or network security in respect of availability, integrity and confidentiality. On the other hand, the worse incidents like natural calamity, power cuts and data line failure. . are not within the scope of this guideline, and should be addressed by the system maintenance and disaster recovery plan. Examples of security incidents include: unauthorized access, unauthorized utilization of services, denial of resources, disruption of services, compromise of protected data / program / network system privileges, leaks of classified data in electronic form, malicious destruction or modification of data / information, penetration and intrusion, misuse of system resources, computer viruses and hoaxes, and malicious codes or scripts affecting networked systems. Security Incident Handling Security incident handlingis a set of continuous processes governing the activities before, during and after a security incident occurs. Security incident handling begins with the planning and preparing for the resources, and developing proper procedures to be followed, such as the escalation and security incident response procedures. When a security incident is detected, security incident response is made by the responsible parties following the predefined procedures The safety events gave the response which is representing the actions accepted out to handle the safety events. These are mainly helpful to re-establish the common operations. Specific incident response teams are usually established to perform the tasks of making security incident response. When the incident is over, follow up actions will be taken to evaluate the incident and to strengthen security protection to prevent recurrence. The planning and preparation tasks will be reviewed and revised accordingly to ensure that there are sufficient resources (including manpower, equipment and technical knowledge) and properly defined procedures to deal with similar incidents in future. Cloud Service The outlook on cloud computing services can vary significantly among organizations, because of inherent differences These events as its main aim, assets held and open to the domestic risks faced and risk bearable. For example, a government organization that mainly handles data about individual citizens of the country has different security objectives than a government organization that does not. Similarly, the security objectives of a government organization that prepares and disseminates information for public consumption are different from one that deals mainly with classified information for its own internal use. From a risk perspective, determining the suitability of cloud services for an organization is not possible without understanding the context in which the organization operates and the consequences from the plausible threats it faces. The set of security objectives of an organization, therefore, is a key factor for decisions about outsourcing information technology services and, In specific, in order to make genuine decisions related to industries sources about the public cloud. The cloud calculating particular servicer and the service arrangements for the organization. There are lot of things which works for one industry but not for other. Not only this some pragmatic thoughtfulness. Many industries will not afford economically to save all calculative sources and possessions at all highest degree possible and must prioritize available options based on cost as well as criticality and sensitivity. When keeping the strong advantages of public cloud computing, it is indispensable to focus of safety. Significantly the safety of industry security goals is of major concern, so that the future decisions can be made accordingly. Finally the conclusion on the cloud computing rely on the risk analysis of the trade included. Service Agreements Specifications for public cloud services and service arrangements are generally called Service Level Agreements (SLAs). The SLA presents the thoughtfulness among the cloud subscriber and cloud provider related to the known range of services. This is to be delivered in the range that the servicer is not able to provide at different range defined. There are typical forms of a part of the different levels of services. The specific is the overall services contract or the services agreement. The terms of service cover other important details such as licensing of services, criteria for acceptable use, Provisional procrastination, boundaries of all responsibility, security policies and alterations in that period of service. The main aim of this report is the period of SLA which is utilize for the services agreement in its entity. There are two types of SLAs exists: i.e. which is non defined and non negotiable contract the other is negotiated agreement. Non-variable contracts is the many ways on the basis for the financial level which is enjoyed by the public cloud computing. The terms which are agreed fully by cloud provider but with some offerings, the service provider has also the capability to do the changes. Negotiated SLAs are more like traditional information technology outsourcing contracts. These SLAs can be employed to deal with corporations apprehension about technical controls, procedures, security procedures and privacy policy such as the vetting of employees,data ownership and exit rights, isolation of tenant applications, data encryption and segregation, tracking and reporting service effectiveness, compliance with laws and regulations (e.g., Federal Information Security Management Act), and the deployment of appropriate products following international or national standards (e.g., Federal Information Processing Standard 140-2 for cryptographic modules). A negotiated SLA for critical data and application might require an agency A negotiated SLA is less cost effective because of the inherent cost of negotiation which can significantly disturb and have a negative impact on the economies of scale, which is main asset a non-negotiable SLA bring to the public cloud computing. Result of a negotiation is based on the size of the corporation and the magnitude of influence it can exert. Irrespective of the type of SLA, it is very necessary to obtain pertinent legal and technical advice to make sure terms of service meets the need of the organization. The Security Upside While the biggest obstacle facing public cloud computing is security, the cloud computing paradigm provides opportunities for thinking out of the box solutions to improve overall security of the corporation. Small corporations are going to have the biggest advantage from the cloud computing services as small companies have limited staff and infrastructure support to compete with bigger organization on fronts of technology and economies of scale. Potential areas of improvement where organizations may derive security benefits from transitioning to a public cloud computing environment include the following: Staff Specialization. Just like corporations with large-scale computing facilities, cloud providers provides an break to staff toto specialize in security, privacy, and other areas of high interest and concern to the organization. Increases in the scale of computing induce specialization, which in turn allows security staff to shed other duties and concentrate exclusively on security issues. Through increased specialization, there is an opportunity for staff members gain in-depth experience, take remedial actions, and make security improvements more readily than otherwise would be possible with a diverse set of duties. Platform Strength. The structure of cloud computing platforms is typically more uniform than that of most traditional computing centers. Greater uniformity and homogeneity facilitate platform hardening and enable better automation of security management activities like configuration control, vulnerability testing, security audits, and security patching of platform components. Information assurance and security response activities also profit from a uniform, homogeneous cloud infrastructure, as do system management activities, such as fault management, load balancing, and system maintenance. Many cloud providers meet standards for operational compliance and certification in areas like healthcare (e.g., Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)), finance (e.g., Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS)) and audit (e.g., Statement on Auditing Standards No. 70 Resource Availability. The scalability of the cloud computing facilities permits the greatest consideration. Unemployment and calamity healing capability is building into the cloud computing surroundings. The different sources ability would be utilizing for better flexibility while facing higher demands or divided rejection of servicer and for faster improvement from Severe events When any event happens, the occasion survived again to collect the data. The large data is easily available with good explanation and less effect on construction. On the other hand the pliability might be having different results. For Instance: a non successful person divided the rejection of service attackers which can consume fast. Support and Improvement. The encouragement and revival strategy and processes of a cloud services might be better than that of the industry. In case the different duplicates are maintained in the assorted natural features can be healthier. Information stored within the cloud would be easily available which is easy to store and highly reliable. In different situation it proved to be maintained in a traditional information centre. In such situation, cloud services could means for offsite encouragement data collection. Mainly the network performance on the net and the usage of the data involved are preventing the issue which impacted the re-establishment. The structure of a cloud solution spreads to the consumer at the service endpoints. This utilizes to access the hosted submission. Cloud consumer is based on browser and on application. However the main calculative sources need to be held by the cloud provider. Consumer is normally low weight calculation and easily handled. The laptops, notebook and net books are well embedded devices like smart mobile phones, tablets and personal digital help. Information Awareness. Information prepared and developed in the cloud would be able to show low risk to the industry. There are lot of risk involved in the industry, different information are transferring on various systems. Portable systems or transferrable media is out in the field, where the loss of devices and theft occurs frequently. Many industries have made the evolution to handle the availability to the industry. So many industries have already made the evolution to hold the availability to the organizational information. In addition to calculating the stage or alternative for domestic submission and public cloud services like target on providing security and safety to other calculating surroundings. Information Midpoint Familiarize. Cloud services would be able to utilize the safety information centres. For instance: e-mail can be t